Need web development agency in Singapore? Hire Oliveasia local Singapore Web agency

Need web development agency in Singapore? Hire Oliveasia local Singapore Web agency.

OliveAsia.com: A full service digital company based in Singapore which has Clients from 21 countries across 4 continents trust us with their web development, web design, digital marketing, e-Commerce and cutting edge digital solutions.

Oliveasia.com offers Web Development, UI/UX Design for Singapore businesses, Corporate Identity and Graphic/Print Design. 

Our web design services come in various packages including:

Static (HTML/CSS) websites, Web Applications, Content Management Systems (CMS),E-Commerce Shopping Carts,Blogs or Blogshops,HTML5 Websites,Flash Websites,

Mobile-friendly Websites etc. 

We specialise in Singapore web development, Singapore web design, web hosting CMS and iphone/Android App development Singapore. Oliveasia team has specialist in Corporate & Ecommerce Websites, Content Management Systems,SEM, SEO & Social Marketing Services for Singapore

A team of Singapore web designers and developers whom build WordPress websites that perfectly fit to capture your target audience. Our programmers helps you to create custom Web Design, Web Development, Microsites Design, Responsive Websites, Blog Design, Web Development Singapore, Web Agency Singapore, Web Development Singapore, Interactive Shopping Cart websites.

Our services are unique and competitive.Web development costs will depend on the unique needs of your firm and will vary. Knowing how much you need to invest in your firm’s website minimizes wasteful spending while providing you with the website you need.

For more details, visit www.oliveasia.com and reach our consultant for free consultantion or personal visit at your premises. 

What is Responsive Website Design?

What is Responsive Website Design?

If your website is not mobile friendly or a Responsive website, you may lose your business or traffic from mobile or tabs.

Your site may hurt ranking on major search engines and you lose business in longer run.

Responsive website design requires you only have one website that is coded to adapt to all screen sizes, no matter what the device the website being displayed on.

As technology continues to innovate consumers are spending more of their time online on a mobile or tablet device. Trend reports have estimated that nearly 50% of website traffic will be accessed on a mobile device in the year 2016. With an increasing amount of web traffic coming in from different sources it is essential that your website is optimized for usage to improve your user-experience and functionality.

Why do you need a responsive website?

-       Increased mobile usage

Now a day’s website gets more traffic from mobiles rather than desktop or laptops. So if you own a website which is mobile friendly, you'll win forever.

-       Responsive website used to have speedy download on user's device.

-       Users viewing your website from a variety of sources – desktop, laptop, mobile, and tablets

-       Increased SEO: Responsive website design is preferred for SEO

-       Responsive adapts to future devices like TVs, Watches and Glasses etc.

-       Positive user experience is a must

Oliveasia.com Pte Ltd is a Singapore based local website design and development agency in Singapore founded in 2010 by a team of dedicated creative individuals. Our expertise includes web design, web application service, web development, online advertising services such as search engine optimisation in Singapore and internationally.

As a boutique agency, we offer highly personalised service. Our sister company Nobel Hosting was borne of our focus to offer highly personalised email and web hosting services for customers who are challenged by web technicalities and limited timely tech support. Visit http://oliveasia.com for converting your existing website to responsive website, mobile friendly website for your business.

Golden Triangle Trip www.tourgoldentriangle.com

Golden Triangle Trip

                                   

Day 01: Arrival– Delhi

Arrival at Delhi Airport by our representative (Holding Guest Name Play Card) meet & greet, later transfer to hotel. Then city tour of New Delhi & Old Delhi covering Birla Temple, India gate, PM House, Humayun's Tomb, Red fort, Qutab Minar, Gandhi memorial, Jama Masjid and chandni chowk (by walk or Cycle Riksha)-one of the main oldest market of the delhi. Overnight stay at hotel. Day 02: Delh-Sikandra-Agra 205 km / 5 hrs

After breakfast proceed to Agra, on the way visit Sikandra, - the Mausoleum of great Mughal Emperor Akbar. On arrival Agra check into hotel, later city tour of agra Visit Taj Mahal-The symbol of Love, Agra Fort. Overnight stay at hotel. After breakfast proceed to agra, on the way visit sikandra, on arrival agra check in at hotel, later city tour of agra visit taj mahal and agra fort. Overnight at the hotel.

Day 03 :Agra-Fatehpur Sikri-Jaipur- 235 Km/5 hrs

after breakfast proceed for Jaipur, on the way visit Fatehpur sikri- Akbar Old Capital, buland darwaza (world largest Entrance gate) and Shrine of Sheik Salim Chisti. On arrival Jaipur check-into hotel. Evening visit (optionally) chokhi-dhani (ethnic resort) enjoy rajasthani food, cultural program, folk dance & etc. overnight stay at hotel. Day 04: Jaipur

After breakfast proceed for excursion to amber fort in the outskirts of jaipur, Elephant ride (Optionally) ascent to the fort. Amber Fort- is the classic romantic rajasthan fort palace. Its construction was started by Man Singh I in 1592. later visit water palace, City Palace-Museum, Jantar Mantar-Observatory, hawa mahal, albert hall and birla temple. overnight at the hotel.

Day 05: Jaipur Or Delhi- Tour Completed

Breakfast at hotel and in time transfer to Jaipur Or Delhi airport for your flight to your own destination tour completed with sweet memories.

PACKAGE COST PER PERSON
Category	2 Person	4 Person	Ex. Person
Standard	$225	$198	$90
Deluxe	$387	$360	$126
Luxury	$423	$396	$153

HOTELS TO BE USED
Places	Standard 3 Star	Deluxe 4 Star	Luxury 5 Star
Delhi	Sisley	Hans Plaza	The Uppal
Agra	Bhoomi Residensy	Mansingh Palace	Grand Imperial
Jaipur	Nahargarh Haveli	Sarovar Portico	Ramada

Visit India and tour the famous  Golden Triangle Tour and Rajasthan Tour Packages of Dehli, Agra (including the Taj Mahal) and Jaipur. 

NOTE :- Above mention hotel are subjected to availability at the time of reservation, then we shall provide similar category hotel. Hotel Check Inn & Check Out Time is 12:00 NOON.

Rajasthan India Tour: Golden Triangle tours to Delhi, Agra, Jaipur

  

India is amazing, the country, the people, the food - a very beautiful place. Enjoy the perfect introduction to India's three most popular destinations - Delhi, Agra and Jaipur - as we explore the icons and discover the secrets of this fascinating region. Experience the history of massive forts, the opulence and splendour of Rajasthan's palaces, the bustle and buzz of markets and bazaars, and the traditions of a heritage homestay. Travel through a land full of contrasts on this compact India tour, jam-packed with unforgettable highlights.

                                           

You can choose your tour on your occasion viz Honeymoon, kids birthday, wedding anniversary, recreational or rejuvenate your soul on great events like Camel Fair at Pushkar, Diwali(Festival of lights) Celebration with busy bazaars, Holi (festival of colors) playing Holi with the locals in a remote Rajasthan villagers, Stay at some of the local villages in your tour. You can explore fantastic glimpse of rural life in Rajasthan. The most memorable parts of the Rajasthan Tour you can experience, the diversity of the scenery and the people. Choose any of popular tours when you plan to visit India & Rajashtan:

- Golden Triangle small group holiday, India

- Rajasthan small group tour, India

- Family Group tours for Delhi, Agra and Jaipur

- Classic Rajasthan Tour

- Taj Tour – Highlights Of Northern India

- Delhi, Agra, Jaipur and Ranthambore Tour

Tailor made holidays

Theses above trips can be tailor made to create a unique holiday in Rajasthan for your individual requirements by travel experts with local presence in Rajasthan, India.

We operate tours from Delhi and ends Delhi/Mumbai with your ease. Our local staff will be ready with car & drvier to welcome you at international airport and helps you in check-in at hotel, introduce with other group tour participants (if you opt for small group tours) and our tour guide will be with you always for a memorable trip to India. We have tours starting from every Sunday from Delhi. Book your tour with us without any hassle visiting Rajasthan Tourism or email us at sales (at) indiatravelgroup.com

Rajasthan tour by Car and Driver Private Day tours!

Rajasthan is one of the largest state & most amazing states of India. is among the most visited tourist destinations in India. It has been the living place for kings; hence, visitors come here from overseas to have a glimpse at the majestic forts and mahals of kings. Centers of attraction in Rajasthan include Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, and Jaisalmer; hence, these cities are the part of Rajasthan tour.  The state possesses historical forts, majestic palaces, magnificent monuments, beautiful lakes and gardens. The Rajasthan tour packages provide a fascinating experience which is to be cherished forever.

Jaipur, the Pink city is the capital of Rajasthan and close to Delhi; hence, most of the tourists come here through Delhi.  Rajasthan - the place is renowned as a princely state whose states have been ruled by various Maharajas and Kings. The historical monuments depict the story of the regal era. Each and every fort and palace has its own story to say. The Rajasthan tour packages offered by various tour and travel agencies offer an exquisite visit to blissful destinations of this magical state.  it has been the state of kings, living style, food habits, etc. is totally different here making people to arrange special Rajasthan tour packages to explore the royal living here. People of Rajasthan wear colorful dresses and their food is really attractive for taste buds. For those who want to insight the architecture of forts and palaces, that cannot be seen anywhere else in this world, must select the Rajasthan tour packages offering visit to all cities of this Royal place.

Rajasthan is famous for rich heritage, colorful culture, exciting desert safaris, heritage properties, wild-life, fair & festivals, adventure sports, tribal life, music & dance, architecture, cuisine, peoples, religion, handicrafts and luxury train "Palace on wheel". In Rajasthan a tour package covers all the tourist destinations. Rajasthan has immense tourism opportunities and Rajasthan tourism offers various tour packages with lots of variation. The palaces of Jaipur, lakes of Udaipur, and desert forts of Jodhpur, Bikaner & Jaisalmer are the major tourist destination of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan various old and abandoned palaces and forts have been transformed into heritage hotels and play an important role to boost the economy of the state.

Camel Safari Tours, Cultural Tours & Travels, Golden Triangle Tours, Desert Expedition, Rural tourism, Adventure tourism, etc are some other popular packages for Rajasthan tourism. So choose a package that fits and your needs & budget and make your trip to this vibrant and colorful land memorable.

 

Enjoy your India Travel Package with us. Many of historical places and monuments are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to their cultural significance. A visit to historical places of this country will take you a wonderful tip in time to ancient India. The architectural grandeur of magnificent monuments and terrific temples will never fail to stun you. For more information www.indiatravelgroup.com

Php Training in Jaipur

Minurge Academy Announces the Registration for Summer Training 2012

A unique opportunity for students and professionals to get trained from leading industry experts with 100% placement guarantee. 

Our master courseware creators are constantly in touch with industry experts and global clientele to design best in class curriculum to meet the challenges of ever evolving  technology markets .The outcome is, one of its kind dual certification program and proven training methodology not just to compete but to excel. 

The program with a perfect blend of theory, practical sessions and a real time exposure to engage with global customers for live assignments.

Who should join?

·         Bachelor and Masters  Degree Holders/students in Engineering, BE, B tech. ( all streams),

·         Bachelor and Masters  Degree Holders/students Computers Applications, DCA, BCA and MCA

·         Business Management Students/Professionals

·         Working professionals

Limited Seat Across Courses           Click Here For Registration

Or Write us at: training@mindurge.com

Why Mindurge Academy?

One thing that sets us apart is our approach.  The unique combination of practical sessions and live project exposure empower aspirants with comprehensive understanding of programming languages and techniques and that too at affordable fee.

So, when you complete your course you are fully equipped to take on the professional challenges by all means with purpose and confidence. The key features include but not limited to:

·         Tailored Curriculum as per the latest industry and technology trends

·         Practical orientation with live work/project exposure

·         Advanced syllabus

·         100% job placements (pre-job offering for 20 trainees)

·         Fast Track Batches

·         Exclusive Placement Assistance

·          Weekend Batches

More Information  :-                               

http://www.mindurgeacademy.com

Training at Delhi:

Mindurge Technologies

A-16, Diwan Estate, Bhagwati Garden,

Dwarka Mode,Near Dwarka Mode metro station opposite pillar # 777.

New Delhi– 110059

Phone: 9829436491 

Summer Training In Jaipur Hp

Mindurge Academy Announces  iPhone Apps Developer training at Jaipur. Batches starts from Dec 1^st week

A unique opportunity for students and professionals to get trained from leading PHP experts with 100% placement guarantee. 

Our master courseware creators are constantly in touch with industry experts and global clientele to design best in class curriculum to meet the challenges of ever evolving  technology markets .The outcome is, one of its kind dual certification program and proven training methodology not just to compete but to excel. 

The program with a perfect blend of theory, practical sessions and a real time exposure to engage with global customers for live assignments.

Who should join?

·         Bachelor and Masters Degree Holders/students in Engineering, BE, B tech. ( all streams),

·         Bachelor and Masters Degree Holders/students Computers Applications, DCA, BCA and MCA

·         Business Management Students/Professionals

·         Working professionals

Limited Seat across Courses           Click Here For Registration

Or Write us at: training@mindurge.com

Why Mindurge Academy?

One thing that sets us apart is our approach.  The unique combination of practical sessions and live project exposure empower aspirants with comprehensive understanding of programming languages and techniques and that too at affordable fee.

So, when you complete your course you are fully equipped to take on the professional challenges by all means with purpose and confidence. The key features include but not limited to:

·         Tailored Curriculum as per the latest industry and technology trends

·         Practical orientation with live work/project exposure

·         Advanced syllabus

·         100% job placements (pre-job offering for 20 trainees)

·         Fast Track Batches

·         Exclusive Placement Assistance

·          Weekend Batches

More Information:-                          

http://www.mindurgeacademy.com

Training at Jaipur:

Mindurge Academy
P.N.22/S-302, Noble House-II, Mission Compound,
Nr. Choumu House/Ajmer Road, Jaipur (Rajasthan) 302006
Phone: 9829436491

Designer Indian Wedding Cards and Hindu Wedding Cards in India only at Weddingcards11.com

Welcome to Allweddingcards.com The World's most fabulous and marvelous collection of Traditional Indian Wedding Invitation Cards, Trendy Indian Wedding Cards, Hindu Wedding Cards, Indian Scroll Wedding Cards, Indian Marriage Cards, Handmade Paper Indian Wedding Cards by price range as suited to your requirements.We have a fine range of South Indian Wedding Invitation Cards especially made for lovely South Indian people. Exclusive range of South Indian wedding cards for South Indians. Best way of bidding fine invitations for marriage galas.

Please bourse thru our range of selective Islamic wedding invitations and Muslim wedding invitation cards with special designs – The Muslim wedding invitations (Valima Cards / Nikah cards) provided by Weddingcards11.com add a special excitement to your wedding celebrations. Our Islamic Wedding Cards and Muslim Invitations come in all price brackets and materials including handmade paper and designs like the Scroll Wedding Invitation Cards (Farman type cards ). Make your favorite pick and turn your wedding into a much happier experience.Nifty Wedding Cards outlined especially for Muslim world. These would surely handle all the Muslim requisitions and can be remodeled as per individual's choice. Symbols and designs of concerned religions are available in this respect.

An exclusive online shop for a wide range of Christian Wedding Invitations and matching stationery with facilities for customization, text printing, ordering samples and delivery at your doorstep.We provide all other wedding stationary like RSVP and 'Thank you' cards, Program Cards, Place Cards, Tassels, Envelope seals, Bags, Boxes and Gifts to help you make your wedding 'a dream wedding'.Our "Crème de la Crème" cards have exclusively been crafted for the genteel and suave people of this religion. Our awesome Christian Wedding Invitation Cards would help in waling the marriage occasion. every conspicuous. We abet alterations as per requirements. The largest collection on net of Christian wedding cards, Designer Catholic wedding invitations, Indian marriage cards including handmade paper Catholic card invitations.

Welcome to Royal Weddings India, the largest display of Designer Indian Wedding cards. As colorful as your imagination. Our Traditional Hindu Wedding cards are available in heart-warming patterns. Take a look at inherent fine quality of Exclusive Indian Wedding Invitation cards coupled with unmatched prompt service and commitments. Our Hindu Wedding Invitation cards are blend of style and artistry.You will find most unique Hindu Wedding Invitation cards when you browse our catalogue. With a sense of creative gesture we supply Indian Wedding cards from India with pride.For more information about our Designer Indian Wedding Cards and Hindu Wedding Cards in India only please visit: http://www.allweddingcards.com

Offering a wide range selection of Indian Wedding Cards

Allweddingcards.com, an emerging pioneer in the field of Indian wedding cards, traditional wedding invitations and stationary. The company started on a small scale and gradually the bud bloomed into a fragrant blossom. We offer the best Indian wedding cards, Hindu wedding cards, Sikh wedding cards and choose from a wide variety of quality Indian wedding cards.

Welcome to Allweddingcards.com, the largest display of Designer Indian Wedding cards. As colorful as your imagination. Our Traditional Hindu Wedding cards are available in heart-warming patterns. Take a look at inherent fine quality of Exclusive Indian Wedding Invitation cards coupled with unmatched prompt service and commitments. Our Hindu Wedding Invitation cards are blend of style and artistry. The distinctive textures, attractive colors and unmatched finish of Indian Wedding Invitations have become signature of many Weddings around the world. We have Hindu Wedding Invitations that are made from hand made silk papers, Art sheet and other materials. Moreover our Indian Wedding Invitation cards come with an affordable price tag. You will find most unique Hindu Wedding Invitation cards when you browse our catalogue.

Please bourse thru our range of selective Islamic wedding invitations and Muslim wedding cards with special designs – The Muslim wedding invitations (Valima Cards / Nikah cards) provided by All Wedding Cards .com add a special excitement to your wedding celebrations. Our Islamic Wedding Cards and Muslim Invitations come in all price brackets and materials including handmade paper and designs like the Scroll Wedding Invitation Cards (Farman type cards ). Make your favorite pick and turn your wedding into a much happier experience.

Well crafted, fine, elegant and exquisite wedding cards suiting every individual's requirements. Our distinctive collection of exceptionally awesome cards would appease all your desires for those groovy, right and touchy cards. We facilitate you to create wedding cards for your self or bid us to do for you in a very very fair manner. Alteration regarding pattern, design etc. are feasible. These smashing cards are customizable to individual conditions.

We are Offering a wide range selection of Indian Wedding Cards and Hindu Wedding Invitation Cards, Designer Wedding Cards, Indian Wedding Cards, Wedding Invitations, Indian Wedding Invitations.

Indian Wedding Cards – Tips to Choose the Best Ones

When you are planning the ‘Big Fat Indian Wedding’ you need to ensure that you have ordered the best possible Indian wedding cards as well. If there is one thing that can be said out these cards it is that they are always gorgeous. Indian wedding cards tend to be colorful and spectacular since they use a variety of rich colors and motifs.

The first thing you need to do is set the budget for your cards. This will help you save a great deal of time and effort since you will not waste your time looking at unsuitable options. You’ll also need to select the right colors for your cards. Hindu and Sikh wedding cards are generally reds, gold, yellow or saffron in color. White is generally never used in Hindu wedding cards.

There are a few traditional motifs that can be used on Sikh and Hindu wedding cards. They include traditional paisley designs, clay lamps and floral motifs. Hindu wedding cards generally have the image of a deity, specifically Lord Ganesh. They also use Swastikas in the design because this symbol is considered to be very auspicious. Sikh wedding cards do not feature these deities. If you are not overly religious, or if one half of the couple is not Hindu or Sikh, then it is best to avoid religious symbols, sticking to cultural motifs instead on the cards you order.


Indians also love to embellish their cards with colorful stones and beads. These embellishments add to the weight and also the postage but they can make the Hindu and Sikh wedding cards look truly spectacular. When it comes to the font, make sure that it is readable and not too elaborate. Explore lots of options and mix and match at will to come up with the best possible Indian wedding cards.


Are you looking for the perfect Indian wedding cards that will get your guests all excited about your big day? The problem is that Sikh and Hindu wedding cards tend to be rather expensive if you order them will all the embellishments and inserts that are generally considered appropriate. However, you will be able to get spectacular looking cards without having to spend too much money as long as you keep a few points in mind.


The first thing you ought to do is select the shape and size of the card with care. Indian wedding cards tend to come in a variety of shapes and sizes. However, if you select Hindu or Sikh wedding cards that have a unique shape or are extra heavy then you’ll have to deal with greater postage costs. Avoid getting boxed cards because they will be expensive to purchase and post.


Allweddingcards.com, an emerging pioneer in the field of Indian wedding cards, traditional wedding invitations and stationary. The company started on a small scale and gradually the bud bloomed into a fragrant blossom. We offer the best Indian wedding cards, Hindu wedding cards, Sikh wedding cards and choose from a wide variety of quality Indian wedding cards.

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Indian Wedding Cards – Tips to Choose the Best Ones

When you are planning the ‘Big Fat Indian Wedding’ you need to ensure that you have ordered the best possible Indian wedding cards as well. If there is one thing that can be said out these cards it is that they are always gorgeous. Indian wedding cards tend to be colorful and spectacular since they use a variety of rich colors and motifs.

The first thing you need to do is set the budget for your cards. This will help you save a great deal of time and effort since you will not waste your time looking at unsuitable options. You’ll also need to select the right colors for your cards. Hindu and Sikh wedding cards are generally reds, gold, yellow or saffron in color. White is generally never used in Hindu wedding cards.

There are a few traditional motifs that can be used on Sikh and Hindu wedding cards. They include traditional paisley designs, clay lamps and floral motifs. Hindu wedding cards generally have the image of a deity, specifically Lord Ganesh. They also use Swastikas in the design because this symbol is considered to be very auspicious. Sikh wedding cards do not feature these deities. If you are not overly religious, or if one half of the couple is not Hindu or Sikh, then it is best to avoid religious symbols, sticking to cultural motifs instead on the cards you order.


Indians also love to embellish their cards with colorful stones and beads. These embellishments add to the weight and also the postage but they can make the Hindu and Sikh wedding cards look truly spectacular. When it comes to the font, make sure that it is readable and not too elaborate. Explore lots of options and mix and match at will to come up with the best possible Indian wedding cards.


Are you looking for the perfect Allweddingcards.com that will get your guests all excited about your big day? The problem is that Sikh and Hindu wedding cards tend to be rather expensive if you order them will all the embellishments and inserts that are generally considered appropriate. However, you will be able to get spectacular looking cards without having to spend too much money as long as you keep a few points in mind.


The first thing you ought to do is select the shape and size of the card with care. Indian wedding cards tend to come in a variety of shapes and sizes. However, if you select Hindu or Sikh wedding cards that have a unique shape or are extra heavy then you’ll have to deal with greater postage costs. Avoid getting boxed cards because they will be expensive to purchase and post.



AllWeddingCards.com, an emerging pioneer in the field of Indian wedding cards, traditional wedding invitations and stationary. The company started on a small scale and gradually the bud bloomed into a fragrant blossom. We offer the best Indian wedding cards, Hindu wedding cards, Sikh wedding cards and choose from a wide variety of quality Indian wedding cards.

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Use and culture

E-mail and Usenet

As the Internet grew through the 1980s and early 1990s, many people realized the increasing need to be able to find and organize files and information। Projects such as Gopher, WAIS, and the FTP Archive list attempted to create ways to organize distributed data. Unfortunately, these projects fell short in being able to accommodate all the existing data types and in being able to grow without bottlenecks.

Online Freelance Jobs for Programmers: GetAFreelancer.com has hundreds of freelance jobs for programmers in PHP, ASP, C++, Java, VB, Visual Basic, Perl, CGI, Cold Fusion, .NET, SQL, XML, Ajax, Javascript and more. If you are a professional programmer, then come and join us at GetAFreelancer.com today for free!

Opening the network to commerce

The interest in commercial use of the Internet became a hotly debated topic. Although commercial use was forbidden, the exact definition of commercial use could be unclear and subjective. UUCPNet and the X.25 IPSS had no such restrictions, which would eventually see the official barring of UUCPNet use of ARPANET and NSFNet connections. Some UUCP links still remained connecting to these networks however, as administrators cast a blind eye to their operation.

TCP/IP becomes worldwide

The first ARPANET connection outside the US was established to NORSAR in Norway in 1973, just ahead of the connection to Great Britain. These links were all converted to TCP/IP in 1982, at the same time as the rest of the Arpanet.

CERN, the European internet, the link to the Pacific and beyond

Between 1984 and 1988 CERN began installation and operation of TCP/IP to interconnect its major internal computer systems, workstations, PC's and an accelerator control system. CERN continued to operate a limited self-developed system CERNET internally and several incompatible (typically proprietary) network protocols externally. There was considerable resistance in Europe towards more widespread use of TCP/IP and the CERN TCP/IP intranets remained isolated from the Internet until 1989.

In 1988 Daniel Karrenberg, from CWI in Amsterdam, visited Ben Segal, CERN's TCP/IP Coordinator, looking for advice about the transition of the European side of the UUCP Usenet network (much of which ran over X.25 links) over to TCP/IP. In 1987, Ben Segal had met with Len Bosack from the then still small company Cisco about purchasing some TCP/IP routers for CERN, and was able to give Karrenberg advice and forward him on to Cisco for the appropriate hardware. This expanded the European portion of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks, and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP/IP connections. This coincided with the creation of Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE), initially a group of IP network administrators who met regularly to carry out co-ordination work together. Later, in 1992, RIPE was formally registered as a cooperative in Amsterdam.

Today's Internet

Aside from the complex physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., peering agreements), and by technical specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the Internet is essentially defined by its interconnections and routing policies.

As of September 30, 2007, 1.244 billion people use the Internet according to Internet World Stats. Writing in the Harvard International Review, philosopher N.J.Slabbert, a writer on policy issues for the Washington DC-based Urban Land Institute, has asserted that the Internet is fast becoming a basic feature of global civilization, so that what has traditionally been called "civil society" is now becoming identical with information technology society as defined by Internet use. Some suggest that as low as 2% of the World's population regularly accesses the internet.

Internet protocols

For more details on this topic, see Internet Protocols.

In this context, there are three layers of protocols:

* At the lower level (OSI layer 3) is IP (Internet Protocol), which defines the datagrams or packets that carry blocks of data from one node to another. The vast majority of today's Internet uses version four of the IP protocol (i.e. IPv4), and although IPv6 is standardized, it exists only as "islands" of connectivity, and there are many ISPs without any IPv6 connectivity. [7]. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) also exists at this level. ICMP is connectionless; it is used for control, signaling, and error reporting purposes.

* TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) exist at the next layer up (OSI layer 4); these are the protocols by which data is transmitted. TCP makes a virtual 'connection', which gives some level of guarantee of reliability. UDP is a best-effort, connectionless transport, in which data packets that are lost in transit will not be re-sent.

* The application protocols sit on top of TCP and UDP and occupy layers 5, 6, and 7 of the OSI model. These define the specific messages and data formats sent and understood by the applications running at each end of the communication. Examples of these protocols are HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.